@AudiovisualMaterial{GrellFreiStueLong:2010:ImSmAl,
             abstract = "The Weather Research and Forecasting chemistry (WRF-chem) model is 
                         a community modeling system that includes many different choices 
                         for the treatment of gas phase chemistry and aerosols. The 
                         chemical and aerosol pollutants are transported and react with the 
                         environment {"}online{"} fashion with the meteorological forecast 
                         model. In other words, the interaction and transport of 
                         meteorological, chemical, and aerosol species are calculated using 
                         the same physical parameterizations with no need to interpolate in 
                         time and/or space. The modeling system may be used from global to 
                         Large Eddy simulation scales, and incorporates the direct and 
                         indirect effects of aerosols. Recently, wild fires were included 
                         into this modeling system. A numerical tool was developed to 
                         generate emission data for several types of grid projection for 
                         global and regional models. The biomass burning emission model 
                         (3BEM) uses remote sensing fire count data together with global 
                         carbon density to determine the timing, location and intensity of 
                         fire emissions and to initiate a plume rise module. In our case, 
                         the sub grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires is included by 
                         embedding a 1D cloud resolving model, with appropriate lower 
                         boundary conditions, in each column of a 3D host model. The host 
                         model provides the environmental conditions, and the plume rise is 
                         simulated explicitly. The final height of the plume is then used 
                         in the source emission field of the host model to determine the 
                         effective injection height of the material emitted during the 
                         flaming phase. We will discuss results from fully interactive 
                         weather/chemistry simulations on various scales. We chose 
                         simulations with current operational horizontal resolutions of 
                         approximately 10 km and cloud resolving simulations with much 
                         higher horizontal resolutions (2km). Results from fully 
                         interactive simulations are compared with simulations that do not 
                         include wildfires.",
          affiliation = "NOAA/ESRL - CIRES/CU-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and University of 
                         Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
               author = "Grell, G A and Freitas, Saulo Ribeiro de and Stuefer, M and Longo, 
                         Karla",
                 city = "Foz do Igua{\c{c}}u, BR",
       conferencename = "The Meeting of the Americas.",
                 date = "08-12 aug 2010",
             keywords = "Clouds and aerosols, regional modeling.",
             language = "en",
            publisher = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais",
     publisheraddress = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
           targetfile = "Grell_Theme3.pdf",
                title = "Impact of Smoke from the Alaska 2004 Wildfires on Radiation and 
                         Cloud Microphysics Using WRF-Chem",
                 year = "2010",
        urlaccessdate = "2021, Mar. 06"
}